This edited volume explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming international conflict in cyberspace.

The specialisation Global Conflict in the Modern Era of the master’s in International Relations at Leiden University engages you with the scholarly debates about global conflict today and in the recent past.

Are you thinking about studying Global Conflict in the Modern Era? Learn more and watch the introduction video.

Learning is easiest out of interest. But interest is often multiple, and expands in various directions. How do you organize education accordingly?

This new study by professor Peter Hoppenbrouwers focuses on conflict in village communities of late medieval Drenthe in order to depict a typical peasant society in late medieval Europe.

This research project seeks to understand the dynamics in the relationship between social media, mobile telephony and the social fabric under duress in Africa's mobile margins. It combines studies on mobility/migration, conflict and communication in an attempt to uncover these new dynamics, which have…

Are there general principles or values that should govern our actions as moral agents and/or as political subjects?

The project investigates the implementation of policies and practices related to reconciliation and the strengthening of government capacity in the Odesa and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine.

While Nietzsche's works and ideas are relevant across the many branches of philosophy, the themes of contest and conflict have been mostly overlooked. Conflict and Contest in Nietzsche's Philosophy redresses this situation, arguing for the importance of these issues throughout Nietzsche's work.

Misinformation has emerged as a major societal concern. But why do citizens contribute to the dissemination of falsehoods online?

The debate about state behaviour in cyberspace may be set in the wrong legal key.

Many conflicts in Africa have been studied and described as location and time bound. Yet conflict is rarely confined and contained, and instead reaches across communities, borders, and generations.

The Institute for Philosophy at Leiden University is host to the NWO programme,

How can we solve value conflicts?

This research cluster is a part of the Institute of Political Science’s research programme ‘Institutions, Decisions and Collective Behaviour’. Its members investigate the drivers of political conflict and various types of crises. They study how citizens, political institutions and international organizations…

An effective and equitable approach to resource conflicts?

If a society is to be secure, sustainable and resilient, conflicting interests must be reconciled. Researchers at Leiden University study the behaviour of individuals, groups and states in relation to this issue, and use their knowledge to promote equality within and between communities.

State fragility and conflict continue to be among the most enduring development challenges of the 21st century. The consequences of fragility and conflict on individuals, States and the international community are profound. At the individual level, an estimated 2 billion people or a quarter of the world's…

A comprehensive analysis of Nietzsche's conception of conflict and the way in which relations of struggle condition the organisation of complex systems (with a specific focus on the human psyche and the body politic).

Violence during war often involves upswings and downturns that have, to date, been insufficiently explained. Why does violence at a particular point in time increase in intensity and why do actors in war decrease the level of violence at other points? Duyvesteyn discusses the potential explanatory variables…

The Covid-19 'infodemic' and conflict resolution by internet platforms.

Large carnivore population is globally declining as a result of the fragmentation of habitat, large prey depletion and retaliatory killing by pastoralists.

From Apartheid in South-Africa to 9/11 in the United States: there is not a single culture that is not shaped by the memory of war or conflict. The minor Cultural Memory of War and Conflict focuses on how such memory cultures influence and shape societies today.

Explore the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University: study governance and diversity, choose elective seminars, complete a thesis and optionally an internship.

Get in touch regarding the MSc Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University, including programme questions and support from the Admissions Office.

Conceptualizing ceasefires as bargaining instruments challenges established ideas about the processes that lead up to conflict settlement, and about war re-emergence, with important implications for our understanding of war and peace.

What are the mechanisms involved in the reconciliation of value conflicts and which interventions are capable of resolving such disputes?

What can we learn from how maritime conflicts were managed in the past? What significance did Maritime Conflict Management have in shaping the standards of diplomacy and international law in pre-modern Atlantic Europe (1200-1600)?

It is widely known that conflict parties engage in ceasefires for a variety of reasons, but how do these reasons relate to the military and political aspirations of conflict party leaders?

Chat with a current MSc student in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University to gain firsthand insights into the programme, student life, studying in The Hague, and the application process.

Legal proceedings are often time-consuming, costly and stressful. Accessible out-of-court dispute resolution can sometimes offer a good alternative, but having access to reliable and efficient judicial proceedings remains equally important.

Big Science, commonly defined as conventional science made big in three dimensions, namely organizations, machines, and politics, brings a plethora of different stakeholders together, often for a long period of time. This includes policymakers, scientists, (scientific) managers as well as local “host”…

Explore how to apply for the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University: step-by-step guidance including application steps via Studielink, admission criteria, deadlines, documents and next steps.

Maritime conflict management is the regulation of conflict in relation to the sea. It comprises conflict enforcement, conflict resolution and conflict avoidance. How did victims of maritime conflicts claim and obtain damages or demand compensation or reparation?

Find out about information activities for the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University, including webinars, online open days, virtual tours and Master Talks videos.

Learn about the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University—including programme structure, core courses, electives, and research thesis opportunities.

View the programme structure for the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University: semester breakdown, credits, core and elective courses.

Should the law and norms applicable to armed conflict include a distinct category covering the transition from armed conflict to peace, jus post bellum, and if so what are its characteristics?

Prepare for the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University with orientation programmes, academic resources, visa guidance, and student support.

Explore the extra challenge options for the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University: honours tracks, interdisciplinary seminars and leadership programmes.

Discover why Leiden University is the ideal choice for the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development: leading faculty, small-group teaching and a globally respected Political Science department.

Discover the admission requirements for the MSc in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University, including academic prerequisites, ECTS expectations, and English language standards.

Explore student life in the MSc Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Development at Leiden University: student associations, events, extracurricular activities, and living in The Hague.

This study adds nuance to the empirical literature that interrogates the link between exposure to mass violence and post-conflict justice preferences.

Due to its economic prosperity, its policy of (relative) religious tolerance, and its large numbers of migrants, the Dutch Republic has long had a reputation of being the prime example of ‘tolerance’, especially during the seventeenth century. Although the great variety of newcomers in the Dutch Republic…